Dr. Patrick Lester is a clinical professor in Laboratory Animal Medicine at the University of Michigan and Co-Director of the Refinement & Enrichment Advancements Laboratory dedicated to optimizing biomedical research and improving animal well-being. As an experienced comparative medicine veterinarian and board-certified pharmacotherapy specialist pharmacist, he has acquired a unique blend of human and veterinary clinical expertise coupled with research experience in both academic and industry settings. His research interests include anesthesia and analgesia, venous thrombosis, pharmaceutical compounding, sustained-release drug formulation and pharmacokinetic modeling. Dr. Lester coordinates controlled substance activities for clinical veterinary services including management of automated dispensing cabinets.